Printf and scanf in C Language

  Printf and scanf in C Language

·         printf() and scanf() functions are inbuilt library functions in C programming language which are available in C library by default. These functions are declared and related macros are defined in “stdio.h” which is a header file in C language.

·         We have to include “stdio.h” file as shown in below C program to make use of these printf() and scanf() library functions in C language.


1. PRINTF() FUNCTION IN C LANGUAGE:

·         In C programming language, printf() function is used to print the (“character, string, float, integer, octal and hexadecimal values”) onto the output screen.

·         We use printf() function with %d format specifier to display the value of an integer variable.

·         Similarly %c is used to display character, %f for float variable, %s for string variable, %lf for double and %x for hexadecimal variable.

·         To generate a newline,we use “\n” in C printf() statement.

Note:

·         C language is case sensitive. For example, printf() and scanf() are different from Printf() and Scanf(). All characters in printf() and scanf() functions must be in lower case.

 

·         %d got replaced by value of an integer variable  (no),

·         %c got replaced by value of a character variable  (ch),

·         %f got replaced by value of a float variable  (flt),

·         %lf got replaced by value of a double variable  (dbl),

·         %s got replaced by value of a string variable  (str),

·         %o got replaced by a octal value corresponding to integer variable  (no),

·         %x got replaced by a hexadecimal value corresponding to integer variable

·         \n got replaced by a newline.


2. SCANF FUNCTION IN C LANGUAGE:

·         In C programming language, scanf() function is used to read character, string, numeric data from keyboard

·         Consider below example program where user enters a character. This value is assigned to the variable “ch” and then displayed.

·         Then, user enters a string and this value is assigned to the variable “str” and then displayed.

 

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

   char ch;

   char str[100];

   printf("Enter any character \n");

   scanf("%c", &ch);

   printf("Entered character is %c \n", ch);

   printf("Enter any string ( upto 100 character ) \n");

   scanf("%s", &str);

   printf("Entered string is %s \n", str);

}

Enter any character
a
Entered character is a
Enter any string ( upto 100 character )
hai
Entered string is hai


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